Biliary complications of arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Rationale and backgroundTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most frequently used palliative therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is a safe and effective procedure with few major and minor complications. Rarely, biliary complications are also encountered following TACE. The goal of our study was to investigate the incidence and the presentation of biliary complications following TACE in patients with HCC.Material and methodsIn this retrospective study, data of patients with HCC who underwent TACE between June 2002 to December 2014 were obtained from the records. Their detailed information about the procedure of TACE, diagnosis of biliary complications and subsequent management details were reviewed.ResultOne hundred and sixty-eight patients with HCC underwent 305 procedures of TACE. Of these, biliary complications of various severities developed in 6 (3.6%) patients leading to an incidence of 1.9% (6/305). Minimal intrahepatic biliary dilatation (IHBD) occurred in three, biliary stricture in one and intrahepatic biloma in two patients. Supportive management was undertaken for IHBD patients while percutaneous aspiration and naso-biliary drainage was performed for the infected bilomas.ConclusionBiliary complications following TACE are infrequent. Diagnosis should be suspected clinically and confirmed with imaging. Treatment depends on the severity. Enforcing specific measures can minimize its frequency.     

Radioembolization with yttrium-90 microspheres work up: Practical approach and literature review

Radioembolization (RE) is a selective internal radiotherapy technique in which yttrium-90 blended microspheres are infused through the hepatic arteries. It is based on the fact that primary and secondary hepatic tumors are vascularized mostly by arterial blood flow whereas healthy hepatocytes obtain their blood supply mostly from the portal network. This enables high radiation doses to be delivered, sparing the surrounding non-malignant liver parenchyma. Most of the complications are caused by unexpected particles passing into the gastrointestinal tract through branches originating from the main hepatic arterial supply. Knowledge of this hepatic arterial network and of its variations and the technical considerations this raises are required in preparation for treatment. This work describes the specific anatomical features and techniques for this anatomy through recent literature illustrated by cases from our own experience.     

Dyna CT评估直接型颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的临床价值

目的 探讨稀释造影剂增强的Dyna CT评估直接型颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(direct carotid-cavernous fistula,DCCF)的临床价值.方法 收集16例外伤性单瘘口DCCF患者的临床资料,对比分析3D旋转数字减影血管造影(3D-DSA)及稀释造影剂增强的Dyna CT对DCCF的诊断价值,包括对瘘口、软脑膜静脉逆流、引流静脉及海绵窦分隔信息的展示.结果 与3D-DSA相比,Dyna CT多显示了15例(93.75％)患者的21个信息,包括显示瘘口8个,软脑膜静脉的逆向引流2个,引流静脉2个,海绵窦分隔9个.其中,在显示瘘口及海绵窦分隔方面,Dyna CT与3D-DSA差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在显示软脑膜静脉的逆向引流和引流静脉方面二者差异无统计学意义.结论 与3DDSA相比,Dyna CT能更有效地显示DCCF的瘘口及海绵窦分隔,利于指导其临床诊治.     

320排螺旋CT对多发性肋骨骨折的诊断价值

目的 收集整理2012年1月～2013年12月我院收治的重症多发性肋骨骨折患者临床资料,分析并探讨320排螺旋CT在多发性肋骨骨折诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 对86例多发性肋骨骨折的患者进行320排螺旋CT扫描,重建全肋骨三维图像,并与胸部X线检查和普通螺旋CT的三维重建图像进行分析比较。结果 所有患者均顺利完成320排螺旋CT扫描,扫描时间均在3~5 s以内。与普通螺旋CT相比,320排螺旋CT重建的三维图像更加清晰细腻,且在线性骨折、凹陷性骨折以及肋软骨骨折的显示上存在显著统计学差异(p < 0.01)。结论 相对于普通螺旋CT,320排螺旋CT具有扫描速度更快、放射剂量更低、图像质量更好等特点,在一定程度上提高了肋骨骨折检出率,使诊断的准确性更高,具有明显的优势。